Comparison of push-out bond strength and apical microleakage of different calcium silicate-based cements after using EDTA, chitosan and phytic acid irrigations.

This research was aimed to evaluate push-out bond strength and apical-microleakage after application of three different calcium silicate-based cements with irrigation solutions on simulated immature teeth. 40 maxillary permanent canine teeth were used for push-out bond strength test, and 120 maxillary permanent incisors were used for microleakage evaluation. 120 root slices were divided into four main groups (EDTA, Chitosan, Phytic acid, and Saline) and immersed these solutiouns according to irrigation procedures. Each irrigation group was divided into 3 subgroups (Biodentine, MTA Repair HP, and NeoPUTTY). The prepared teeth were divided into four groups according to irrigation procedure for microleakage test. EDTA irrigation with Biodentine group showed highest push-out bond strength value and saline group with Neoputty showed the lowest push-out bond strength value. The highest microleakage value was seen in saline group with MTA Repair HP, while the lowest microleakage value was observed chitosan with Biodentine group. Chitosan and phytic acid solutions can be recommended as an alternative irrigation solution to 17% EDTA in single-session apexification treatment, since they are non-toxic, naturally occurring materials, effectively remove the smear layer, and have a positive effect on bond strength and apical leakage. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: One of the factors affecting the long-term success of root canal treatment is a hermetic seal. Non-hermetic or inadequate filling triggers a chronic inflammatory reaction in periapical tissues, causing fluids to enter the spaces and negatively affecting the success of the treatment. Therefore, this study will help clinicians choose the right biomaterial and irrigation solution that will affect the success of root canal treatment.

The effect of various inhaled asthma medications on the color stability of paediatric dental restorative materials.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of the study is to analyse the effects of different inhaled asthma medications (IAMs) on the color change of dental restorative materials (DRMs). METHODS: In total, 192 samples were taken from six different DRMs: [Filtek Z550 (nanohybrid composite), Fusio Liquid Dentin (Self-adhering flowable composite), Filtek Ultimate (nanofilled flowable composite), Dyract XP (compomer), Fuji II LC (resin-modified glass ionomer), Fuji IX Fast (self-cured-packable glass ionomer), (n = 32)]. After the initial color values (CIELab) of DRMs were measured by using a spectrophotometer, each sample was exposed to the same IAMs via nebulizer according to the four different inhaled therapies and measurements were repeated on the 7th & 21st days. RESULTS: In all IAM groups, DRM with the least amount of ΔE was nanohybrid composite, while the highest ΔE was found in Fuji II LC. Among all experimental groups, only Fuji II LC which was administered the combined medication, exceeded the clinically unacceptable threshold (ΔE = 3.3) on 7th & 21st days. CONCLUSIONS: Consequently, important factors affecting the susceptibility to color stability are the type of IAMs, the administration time-dosage, and the type of DRMs.

The minimum effective concentration (MEC90) of bupivacaine for an ultrasound-guided suprainguinal fascia iliaca compartment block for analgesia in knee surgery: a dose-finding study.

Background: In recent years, the suprainguinal fascia iliaca compartment block (SFICB) has become more common in clinical practice. This assessor-blinded dose-finding study aimed to determine the minimum effective concentration (MEC90, MEC95) of bupivacaine for a single-injection SFICB in patients undergoing arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament repair. Methods: This prospective study was conducted at a tertiary hospital (postoperative recovery room and ward). The SFICB was performed as a postsurgical intervention after spinal anesthesia. Seventy patients were allocated using the biased-coin design up-and-down sequential method. The ultrasound-guided SFICB was performed using different bupivacaine concentrations, and standard multimodal analgesia was administered to all patients. Block success was defined as the absence of pain or presence of only tactile sensation during the pinprick test conducted on the anterior and lateral regions of the mid-thigh six hours postoperatively. Results: According to isotonic regression and bootstrap CIs, the MEC90 value of bupivacaine for a successful SFICB was 0.123% (95% CI: 0.098-0.191) and the MEC95 value was 0.188% (95% CI: 0.113-0.223). Conclusion: Our study showed that the MEC90 and MEC95 values for bupivacaine administered via an SFICB for analgesia were 0.123% and 0.188%, respectively. One advantage of using lower concentrations of bupivacaine is the associated reduction in quadriceps weakness.

Biocompatibility of different resin composites after polymerization with two light curing units: an immunohistochemical study.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to compare the biocompatibility of two different resin composites after polymerization under two different light sources in three different time periods. Materials and methods: 72 polyethylene tubes polymerized with 2 different resin composites and 2 different light sources (Elipar S10 and Valo ) [Group 1: Kalore Elipar S10 (KE), Group 2: Kalore Valo (KV), Group 3: Essentia Elipar S10 (EE), Group 4: Essentia Valo (EV)] were implanted in the dorsal connective tissue of 18 rats. 24 empty polyethylene tubes [Group 5: (Control group)] were implanted in the dorsal connective tissue of 6 rats. Then, the rats were sacrificed after 7th, 15th and 30th days in each time intervals (n=8). Biopsy samples were stained with H&E and examined for inflammation, necrosis, macrophage infiltrate, giant cell and fibrous capsule criteria. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to evaluate proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1ß, IL-6 and IL-8). Results: When the composite groups and the control groups were compared; the difference was statistically significant for the criteria of inflammation at 7th and 15th days, there was no statistical difference between the time points in terms of fibrous capsule and necrosis. When the composite groups and control groups were evaluated in terms of proinflammatory cytokines; statistically significant differences were found at 7th, 15th and 30th days. Conclusion: All CRs used in this study showed acceptable biocompatibility in the subcutaneous tissues of rats after polymerization with different light sources.

Follow-up of Serum Creatine Phosphokinase Levels after Ultrasound Guided Suprainguinal Fascia Iliaca Block with Bupivacaine in Total Knee Arthroplasty Patients: An Observational, Controlled Study.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the myotoxicity of bupivacaine on muscles after suprainguinal fascia iliaca block for postoperative analgesia in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) patients through changes in serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK) levels during the perioperative period. STUDY DESIGN: Observational study. Place and Duration of the Study: Postoperative Recovery Room department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Samsun University, Samsun, Training and Research Hospital, Samsun, Turkiye, between December 2022 and February 2023. METHODOLOGY: Patients undergoing for the procedure of TKA surgery were recruited. (40 controls and 42 SIFIB groups). Serum CPK levels were evaluated preoperatively, at postoperative 6th hour and 24th hour. RESULTS:  From total 82 patients, 42 of them who received SIFIB as a component of multimodal analgesia had serum CPK levels comparable to those in the control group at all time points (p>0.05). While the increase in CPK level at 6th hour relative to baseline was significant in both groups (p<0.05), only the block group demonstrated a statistically significant difference between the 6th and 24th hours (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: SIFIB administration did not result in severe bupivacaine-induced myotoxicity in comparison to the control group. SIFIB administration is a safe option when used as part of multimodal analgesia in TKA. KEY WORDS:  Bupivacaine, Creatine phosphokinase, Myotoxicity, Regional anaesthesia.

Comparison of the analgesic efficacy of the ultrasound-guided transversalis fascia plane block and erector spinae plane block in patients undergoing open inguinal hernia repair under spinal anesthesia.

BACKGROUND: Open inguinal hernia repair (OIHR) surgery is a common surgical procedure, and ultrasound guided interfascial plane blocks can also be included in current approaches to postoperative multimodal analgesia regimens. This study aimed to compare the postoperative analgesic efficacy of the erector spinae plane block (ESPB) and transversalis fascia plane block (TFPB) in patients undergoing OIHR. METHODS: This prospective, randomized, assessor-blinded comparative study was conducted in the postoperative recovery room and ward of a tertiary hospital. A total of 80 patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I-III were enrolled and allocated equally to either the ESPB or TFPB group. The patients received standard multimodal analgesia in addition to an ultrasound-guided ESPB or TFPB. During the first 24 h postoperatively, tramadol consumption was assessed and pain levels at rest and during movement were compared using numeric rating scale (NRS) scores at 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, and 24 h postoperatively. RESULTS: The results showed no difference in NRS scores at any time point between the groups, except for NRS at rest in the third hour. However, tramadol consumption was lower in the TFPB group than in the ESPB group overall (88 ± 75.2 vs. 131 ± 93.7 mg, respectively; P = 0.027, mean difference: -43, 95% CI [-80.82, -5.18]). CONCLUSIONS: The TFPB leads to lower tramadol requirements in the first 24 h postoperatively than the ESPB in patients undergoing OIHR.

Mortal condition in an unusual localization, analysis of isolated tongue and tongue base abscesses.

BACKGROUND: Tongue abscess (TA) is a very rare clinical condition and its treatment is very important. Surgical drainage is at the forefront in the treatment. Our study includes patients with tongue and tongue base abscesses. AIM: To discuss the clinical and laboratory findings of these patients emphasizing the underlying causes and treatment options with the largest patient series in the English literature. METHODS: We included patients with isolated TA who applied to our clinic between January 1, 2020 and January 1, 2023. Those who lack the recorded data, those who are not between the ages of 18-66, those who have not undergone surgery-interventional procedure, and those who have infection and/or abscess in another place were excluded from the study. RESULTS: There were two female (18%) and nine male (82%) patients in our series consisting of 11 patients. Their ages ranged from 18 to 66, and the mean ± SD was 48.63 ± 16.3. Considering the localization of the abscess, three anterior abscesses (27%), two lateral abscesses (18%), and six abscesses at the base of the tongue (54%) were detected. CONCLUSION: Tongue abscesses can cause acute upper airway obstruction and respiratory collapse. It may be necessary to act quickly for the tracheotomy procedure and this procedure can usually be performed under local anesthesia as intubation cannot be achieved. When we encounter an abscess in an unexpected organ, difficulties may be encountered in the management of the patient.

Sacral Erector Spinae Plane Block As the Main Anesthetic Method for Parasacral Reconstructive Surgeries: A Single-Center Retrospective Cohort Feasibility Study.

Study objective Sacral erector spinae plane block (ESPB) is a regional anesthesia technique defined for the blockade of the posterior branches of the sacral nerves. In this study, we aimed to retrospectively evaluate our sacral ESPB applications as an anesthetic method in patients who underwent parasacral and gluteal reconstructive surgery. Methodology The design of our study is a retrospective cohort feasibility study. This study was conducted at a tertiary university hospital, and patient files and electronic data systems were used to obtain data for analysis. In total, the data of 10 patients who underwent parasacral or gluteal reconstructive surgery were evaluated. Main results During reconstructive procedures for sacral pressure ulcers and lesions in the gluteal region, the sacral ESP block was utilized. Small doses of perioperative analgesics/anesthetics were required, but moderate or deep sedation or conversion to general anesthesia was not required. Conclusion Sacral ESP block is a viable regional anesthetic technique in reconstructive surgeries of the parasacral and gluteal regions.

Results of 301 Parotidectomies: A Twenty-Year Experience of One Single Institution.

To evaluate demographic, clinical, surgical and histopathological results and complications of 301 parotidectomies performed in southern part of Turkey. The results of 297 patients undergoing 301 parotidectomies between 2000 and 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Four patients underwent bilateral parotidectomy. Age, gender, side and size of lesion, postoperative facial nerve function (FNF) for benign tumors and types of surgery were evaluated. There were 172 male and 125 female patients. The mean age was 52.53 ± 16.67 years (range 11-90 years). Patients with malignant tumor had higher mean age than the patients with benign diseases (p < 0.001) and the mean age of Warthin tumor (WT) patients was significantly higher than pleomorphic adenoma (PA) (p < 0.001). There was a significant male dominancy in WTs than the PAs (p < 0.001). The mean size of the malignant tumors was significantly higher than the benign tumors (p = 0.012). The mean of cigarette smoking value (pack/year) was higher in WTs than the PAs (p < 0.001). WT incidence was slightly higher than PA in between years 2010 and 2019 (p = 0.272) compared to between years 2000 and 2009. Fine needle aspiration biopsy had a sensitivity of 96% and specificity of 78% for the benign tumors. Tumor location (p < 0.001) and tumor size (p = 0.034) had negative effect on the postoperative FNF. The incidence of WT had a significant rise in the last decade. Deep lobe tumors and increased tumor size had effect postoperative FNF. Experience of surgeon is more important than nerve monitoring to prevent facial paralysis. Partial superficial parotidectomy was available methods for small benign tumors in tail of the parotid gland.

Diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in deep neck infections: an analysis of 74 consecutive patients / Abordagens diagnósticas e terapêuticas em infecções cervicais profundas: uma análise de 74 pacientes consecutivos

Abstract Introductıon: Deep neck infections are a group of diseases with serious complications and mortality, which can occur as a result of common diseases in the community and which have surgical and medical treatment options. Objectives: Patients ages, genders, complaints, physical examination findings, hospitalization complaints, history of antibiotic use before the application, additional diseases, radiological tests and analysis of examinations, type of treatment method, antibiotic agents selected in treatment, bacterial culture results, duration of hospitalization, complications, mortality rates were systematically recorded. In the study, anaerobic bacterial factors, which are difficult to produce in routine, were produced by considering special transport conditions and culture media. Methods: A total of 74 patients who were hospitalized in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Mersin, between 01.07.2016 and 01.07.2017 for deep neck infection were evaluated prospectively. The study included 37 female and 37 male patients. The ages of the patients ranged from 1 to 69 and the mean age was 31 years. Results: According to the analysis of the obtained data, there was a statistically significant relationship between the patients with additional diseases and the treatment modalities of the patients (p = 0.017). The surgical treatment rate was increased in this group of patients. In patients with a history of antibiotic use, it was found that patients in the pediatric group were in hospital longer in terms of length of stay compared to adults (p = 0.036). In adult patients who underwent surgery, the absorptive long axis was found to be longer in mm than in patients receiving isolated medical treatment (p = 0.008). Conclusions: Deep neck infections is a disease group that seriously concerns public health, with significant mortality and morbidity. Ensuring airway safety of patients should be the first intervention. Abscesses located lateral to the tonsil capsule may not drain adequately without concomitant tonsillectomy.

Resumo Introdução: As infecções cervicais profundas constituem um grupo de doenças com graves complicações e mortalidade, que podem ocorrer como resultado de doenças comuns na comunidade e que têm opções de tratamento médico e cirúrgico. Objetivo: Detectar bactérias anaeróbias e comparar a eficácia do tratamento médico-cirúrgico em diferentes faixas etárias. Método: Foram sistematicamente registrados idade dos pacientes, sexo, queixas, achados do exame físico, queixas na hospitalização, histórico de uso de antibióticos, doenças adicionais, exames radiológicos e análise dos exames, tipo de tratamento, agentes antibióticos selecionados no tratamento, resultados de cultura bacteriana, duração da hospitalização, complicações e taxas de mortalidade. No estudo, culturas bacterianas anaeróbias, difíceis de obter rotineiramente, mesmo considerando-se condições especiais de transporte e meios, foram obtidas. Foram avaliados prospectivamente 74 pacientes internados no Departamento de Otorrinolaringologia da Universidade de Mersin, entre 01.07.2016 e 07.07.2017, devido a infecção cervical profunda. O estudo incluiu 37 pacientes do sexo feminino e 37 do masculino. A idade dos pacientes variou de 1 a 69 anos e a média foi de 31. Resultados: De acordo com a análise dos dados obtidos, houve uma relação estatisticamente significante entre os pacientes com doenças adicionais e as modalidades de tratamento dos pacientes (p = 0,017). A taxa de tratamento cirúrgico foi maior nesse grupo de pacientes. Em pacientes com histórico de uso de antibióticos, verificou-se que aqueles do grupo pediátrico permaneceram mais tempo hospitalizados em comparação aos adultos (p = 0,036). Nos pacientes adultos submetidos à cirurgia, verificou-se que o eixo longo absortivo era mais longo em mm do que nos pacientes que receberam tratamento médico isolado (p = 0,008). Conclusão: As infecções cervicais profundas constituem um grupo de doenças que são preocupantes na saúde pública, com sua mortalidade e morbidade. Garantir a segurança das vias aéreas dos pacientes deve ser a primeira intervenção. Os abscessos localizados lateralmente à cápsula tonsilar podem não apresentar drenagem sem a tonsilectomia.

Diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in deep neck infections: an analysis of 74 consecutive patients.

INTRODUCTiON: Deep neck infections are a group of diseases with serious complications and mortality, which can occur as a result of common diseases in the community and which have surgical and medical treatment options. OBJECTIVES: Patients ages, genders, complaints, physical examination findings, hospitalization complaints, history of antibiotic use before the application, additional diseases, radiological tests and analysis of examinations, type of treatment method, antibiotic agents selected in treatment, bacterial culture results, duration of hospitalization, complications, mortality rates were systematically recorded. In the study, anaerobic bacterial factors, which are difficult to produce in routine, were produced by considering special transport conditions and culture media. METHODS: A total of 74 patients who were hospitalized in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Mersin, between 01.07.2016 and 01.07.2017 for deep neck infection were evaluated prospectively. The study included 37 female and 37 male patients. The ages of the patients ranged from 1 to 69 and the mean age was 31 years. RESULTS: According to the analysis of the obtained data, there was a statistically significant relationship between the patients with additional diseases and the treatment modalities of the patients (p = 0.017). The surgical treatment rate was increased in this group of patients. In patients with a history of antibiotic use, it was found that patients in the pediatric group were in hospital longer in terms of length of stay compared to adults (p = 0.036). In adult patients who underwent surgery, the absorptive long axis was found to be longer in mm than in patients receiving isolated medical treatment (p = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS: Deep neck infections is a disease group that seriously concerns public health, with significant mortality and morbidity. Ensuring airway safety of patients should be the first intervention. Abscesses located lateral to the tonsil capsule may not drain adequately without concomitant tonsillectomy.

Evaluation of the microhardness of different resin-based dental restorative materials treated with gastric acid: Scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the microhardness, relative surface roughness, and elemental changes of resin-based dental restorative materials (RDRMs) after gastric acid treatment. Five different RDRMs (Group 1 [Filtek Z550], Group 2 [Beautifil II], Group 3 [Vertise Flow], Group 4 [Dyract XP], Group 5 [Fuji II LC]) were used. Samples were formed by using plexiglass molds of 10 mm diameter and 2 mm thickness. A total of 50 samples (n = 10) for microhardness tests and a total of 15 samples (n = 3) for scanning electron microscopy (SEM)-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis were prepared. All samples of each group were treated to gastric acid, simultaneously. A Vickers microhardness tester was used to evaluate the microhardness of the upper surfaces of each sample. SEM-EDX system was used for microstructure and elemental composition detection. The SEM-EDX, microhardness and relative surface roughness analysis were made prior to treatment in gastric acid for 14 days and analysis were repeated on the 14th day. As the difference in the microhardness values of RDRMs was compared, the time-dependent variation in all RDRMs was found to be statistically significant. It was observed that a drastic decrease in microhardness values was in Beautifil II, Filtek Z550, Vertise Flow, Fuji II LC, and Dyract XP, respectively. Average decrease rate of microhardness values compared to the initial state can be listed from high to low as Beautifil II (%35.72), Vertise Flow (% 28.88), Fuji II LC (% 21.09), Dyract XP (%17.60), and Filtek Z550 (% 16.58). As a result, in in-vitro conditions gastric acid decreased microhardness while increasing the relative surface roughness of RDRMs.

Prevalence and predictors of the usage of complementary alternative medicine among infertile patients.

PURPOSE: The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence, characteristics and the most frequently used complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) methods among infertile couples. A secondary aim was to assess predictors and patients' attitude to disclose the usage of CAM. METHODS: This study was designed as a cross-sectional survey and conducted on patients admitted to infertility clinics of two hospitals. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of CAM among 324 infertile participants (162 couples) was 25.6 % (n = 83). 48 % of the infertile couples had experience with at least one type of CAM method and the most commonly used CAM was herbal products (84 %). The frequency of CAM tended to be higher among females compared to males (33 % versus 17 %, respectively; p = 0.02). Patients who failed to conceive with previous medical therapies were more inclined to use CAM (p = 0.01). After logistic regression analyses, only gender and previous unsuccessful ART treatment were found to be associated independently with CAM use. CONCLUSION: CAM use is common among infertile population. CAM users were more likely to be women at any age who had failed to achieve a pregnancy with previous artificial reproductive treatment(s), mainly used herbal products and mostly reluctant to report the use of CAM.

The effect of various asthma medications on surface roughness of pediatric dental restorative materials: An atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy study.

The aim of the study is to examine and compare the effects of various inhaled asthma medications (IAMs) on the surface roughness of dental restorative materials (DRMs). In total, 192 samples were prepared including 32 samples for the each material group from six different DRMs [Nanohybrid composite (Filtek Z550), Nanofilled flowable composite (Filtek Ultimate), Compomer (Dyract XP), Conventional glass ionomer (Fuji IX Fast), Resin-modified glass ionomer (Fuji II LC), Self-adhering flowable composite (Fusio Liquid Dentin)]. Each group, were divided into four subgroups (n = 8) according to four different IAMs. Surface roughness values (Ra) were obtained by atomic force microscopy (AFM). After the initial roughness of DRMs was analyzed by using AFM and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), each samples were exposed to the same IAMs for 21 days and all analysis were repeated on the 7th and 21st day. Ras increased in all DRMs and higher Ras were recorded through the long-term IAMs administrations. For all IAMs, Fuji II LC had the highest Ra and Filtek Z550 had the lowest Ra. The combined IAM created the highest roughness change on the 7th and 21st day compared to other IAMs. As a result, in in vitro conditions IAMs significantly increased the surface roughness of DRMs.

Adipose derived mesenchymal stem cell treatment in experimental asherman syndrome induced rats.

Asherman syndrome (AS) occurs due to fibrosis or uterine adhesions as a result of damage to the basal layer of the endometrium. The aim of this study is investigating the effects of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cell (ADMSC) application on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1), miRNA-98, miRNA199a in endometrial tissue in rats with AS. Study groups were designed as, control (C), Asherman syndrome (AS), AS + oral estrogen (ASO), AS + ADMSC (ASSC), AS + oral estrogen + ADMSC (ASSCO) with 7 samples in each group. Characterization and differentiation experiments were performed in ADMSC obtained. Two weeks after the development of the AS, ADMSC therapy was applied. BrdU (5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine) labeling was performed to show the presence of ADMSC in the tissues. Rats were sacrificed after 8 weeks and bilateral uterine horn resection was performed. Tissues were fixed in formaldehyde. After routine tissue follow-up, sections were taken and evaluated with hematoxylin eosin staining. VEGF1 and IGF1 expressions were evaluated by immunohistochemical staining and western blot analysis. Expression changes of miR-98 and miR-199a were detected by RT-PCR. Our results showed that stem cells and estrogen giving together reduced inflammation and fibrosis in the endometrium. Immunohistochemistry and western blot results suggested that this effect was achieved especially through IGF-1. In our study, decreased miR-98 and miR-199a expressions were determined in Asherman syndrome. Furthermore, no changes of miRNA expressions were observed in treatment groups.

Diagnostic Performance of Different Methods in Detecting Incipient Non-Cavitated Occlusal Caries Lesions in Permanent Teeth.

Aim: This in vitro study was aimed to investigate the performance of the new caries detection tools on the incipient occlusal caries. Study design: In our study, 100 permanent molar teeth, which were considered to have incipient, enamel caries (D1 and D2 threshold values) according to ICDAS II score. After the visual examination, caries measurements have been applied to all teeth by using DIAGNOdent pen (DP), CarieScan PRO (CP) and SoproLife camera (SC). In addition, in vitro examinations were repeated 2 weeks later. After sectioning and evaluation in stereomicroscope, the lesion depth was determined with histological criteria that are accepted for the gold standard for this research. Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and area under the ROC curve were calculated at D1 and D2 thresholds. The intra-examiners' reproducibility were analysed using Cohen's kappa statistics and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Results: Intra-examiner repeatability values varied from 0.94 to 0.99 and kappa values ranged from 0.90 to 0.99. While the highest sensitivity and specificity value showed for SC at D1 and D2 thresholds, CP presented the lowest values. The area under ROC curves (Az) varied from 0.70 to 0.99. ICDAS II showed the highest area under ROC curves (Az). Conclusions: ICDAS II, visual diagnostic method by itself is considered to sufficient in order to diagnose incipient occlusal caries. SC may be used as an alternative method for the ICDAS II, since its advantages by displaying caries lesion on the computer monitor, follow-up and motivation of the patients provided.

Comparison of microtensile bond strength and resin-dentin interfaces of two self-adhesive flowable composite resins by using different universal adhesives: Scanning electron microscope study.

The aim of this in-vitro study was to evaluate microtensile bond strength (µTBS) of two different self-adhesive composites (SACs) on the permanent dentin by applying five different universal adhesive systems. In this study, two different SACs [Vertise Flow (VF), Fusio Liquid Dentin (FLD)] and five different bonding systems [Clearfil Universal Bond Quick (CUB), Single Bond Universal (SBU), All Bond Universal (ABU), Prime Bond Universal (PBU), Futurabond U (FBU)] were used. A total of 22 groups were created in which SACs were applied without adhesive and with five different universal bonding agents in total-etch (TE) and self-etch (SE) modes. Two hundred and forty test sticks were obtained using 48 healthy human molar teeth in total with groups having 10 samples each. The µTBS test was applied to each sample in the Universal test device and the data obtained were analyzed statistically by variance analysis and Tukey HSD test. In addition, the resin-dentin interface and fractures modes in the groups were examined by SEM. Upon examining the µTBS results, the highest values were seen in the use of SBU adhesive in TE mode in VF group, while the lowest values were seen in the FLD control group. The difference between the control and experimental groups was found statistically significant (p < .05). Upon comparing the control groups with each other, it was seen that VF group had higher µTBS values than FLD group and the difference between the groups was found statistically significant (p < .05). The µTBS results and SEM images of the study showed that the use of SACs with universal adhesive systems provides a more effective bond strength.

The Evaluation of Color and Surface Roughness Changes in Resin based Restorative Materials with Different Contents After Waiting in Various Liquids: An SEM and AFM study.

The aim of the study was to evaluate of surface roughness and color changes of the resin-based five restorative dental materials after aging in liquids at different pH values. Totally 250 specimens were prepared, including 50 specimens for the each material group from five different restorative materials (G1[Filtek Z550], G2[Beautifil II], G3[Vertise Flow], G4[Dyract XP], G5[GCFujiIILC]), using the 10-mm diameter and 2-mm thickness molds. A total of 50 specimens in the each group, were divided into five subgroups (n = 10) to be immerse into five liquids at different pH. After initial color and roughness measurements, samples were stored in the same liquids for 7 and 14 days and all of the measurements were repeated on the 7th and 14th days. scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy analyses were performed in the all groups. When the color change(ΔE) results are examined statistically; most of the ΔE is in Fuji II LC; and at least in Filtek Z550, it was determined that cola and gastric acid had the greatest effect on ΔE averages and showed significant differences (p < .05). When the average roughness values(Ra) are analyzed statistically, the highest values were found in Fuji II LC and the lowest values were found in Filtek Z550 (p < .05). The liquids which had the highest roughness average (ΔRa) were statistically significant and gastric acid and orange juice were the most effective ones (p < .05). Asidic beverages significantly increased the surface roughness and discoloration of dental restorative materials. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: The results of this research showed that dental restorative materials, which are resin-based, affected both the color and surface roughness after waiting in the low pH value beverages. These results are supported with the scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy images in our research. Clinically, this situation will create esthetic and functional problems in the dental filling restorations. For this reason, the results of this study seem to be important and we think that this article could be contribute to the literature.

Traditional medicinal plants of Agri Province, Turkey.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: This study serves as the first investigation of the knowledge of traditional medicinal plants used in Agri Province. The mountainous and strongly fragmented area, diversity of local flora, limited access to modern medicines because of the people's seminomadic lifestyle, and harsh climatic conditions have prompted the locals to benefit from natural resources, principally plants. AIM OF THE STUDY: Although the use of medicinal plant is common in the area, documentation and inventory analysis are not available on the plant taxa used in traditional medicine in Agri Province. This study focused on the answer of the following question: What are the most medicinally valuable plant taxa in the province? Therefore, this study aimed to (i) document medicinal plant taxa used in Agri Province; (ii) determine the endemic plant species and their risk categories; (iii) determine the most widely used plant taxa for specific ailments to further contribute to drug discovery; (iv) determine the local names, plant part(s) used, preparation, and utilization methods of these local plant medicines to assist with pharmaceutical studies; and (v) reveal the origin(s) of traditional medicinal knowledge of Agri Province. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ethnopharmacological field studies were conducted between 2014 and 2016 in 638 locations within Agri Province. Plant samples used in folk medicine were determined through face-to-face interviews with 120 local healers. Traditional medicinal plant samples were collected from wild areas with the help of the local healers and transported to Van Pharmaceutical Herbarium (Van, Turkey) for botanical identification. The statistical analyses of data were conducted using the informant consensus factor (ICF) method. RESULTS: In this study, 118 medicinal taxa belonging to 35 families of plants were determined to be used in Agri Province. Ninety-three different local names were recorded, which mainly described the plant's morphological characteristics. Data analysis (ICF) revealed that the traditional medicinal plants used in Agri Province might offer promising information for new pharmaceuticals. CONCLUSIONS: The local population in the study area has a preserved and comprehensive knowledge of traditional medicine because of its limited access to modern medicine, seminomadic lifestyle, isolated geographical position, traditional taste habits, climatic conditions, diversity of local flora, and mountainous and rugged geography. The medicinal plants presented in this study might provide valuable leads for the identification of bioactive compounds for pharmaceutical use and represent a vast and underutilized resource for the development of newer and more efficient pharmacological treatments.

The Effect of Methylphenidate on the Hearing of Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.

Introduction There has been a sudden idiopathic hearing loss case presented after methylphenidate treatment in a child with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Objective This study was performed to reveal the probable ototoxic side effects of methylphenidate use in patients with ADHD. Methods Thirty pediatric patients with ADHD were included in the study. Pure tone audiometry, speech discrimination scores, waves I, III, V absolute latencies and waves I-III, I-V, III-V interpeak latencies at the 80 dB nHL intensity after click stimulus auditory brainstem response (ABR) results were compared before and 3 months after methylphenidate treatment. Results There were no statistically significant difference between pretreatment and posttreatment pure tone and speech audiometry findings and ABR results (p > 0.05 for all parameters). Conclusion Methylphenidate can be regarded as a safe drug regarding ototoxic side effects. Additional studies with a larger sample size and longer follow-up may be needed.